Contemporary opinions on pathogenesis, genetics and clinical picture of laterality disorders – left-right axis development defects

Błażej Misiak, Robert Śmigiel


Katedra i Zakład Genetyki Akademii Medycznej we Wrocławiu
Kierownik: prof. dr hab. med. M.M. Sąsiadek

  • Table I. Congenital malformations coexisting with laterality defects (according to Syweńki et al. 2007) (43). Explanation of abbreviations in the text.
  • Table II. Selected genes which mutations are responsible for laterality defects
  • Table II. Cont.
  • Fig. 1. Early bilateral symmetry breaking at the primitive node (according to Zhu et al. 2006) (4). Description in the text.

Congenital malformations pose a great challenge to all medical specialities. Laterality defects belong to the group of congenital anomalies resulting from left-right axis development disturbances which arise at an early stage of embryogenesis. The authors discuss selected embryological, epidemiological, genetic and clinical aspects of left-right axis malformations. Furthermore recent knowledge concerning new genes involved in left-right asymmetry development is presented.

full version in polish language